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Design of an energy aware real-time application development technique
Author(s)
Ndala, Henoc
Date Issued
2022
Type
Thesis
Publisher
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Abstract
The utilization and management of energy currently is a focus area in
embedded systems design. Most embedded systems devices operate with
limited power budget, or they are battery-powered devices. Software has a
notable influence on the global system energy consumption. The evaluation of
software energy consumption of application software is vital for lowering the
energy consumption to extend the life span of these embedded systems. Two
approaches were used. This thesis examined the effect of nesting loop
structures (For and While) in C language on energy consumption during the
computation of these structures on the STM32F303RE microcontroller (MCU).
In the first approach, the average energy consumption per each level of For
loop was about 109.2 mJ from level 0 to level 2, and then the increase per each
level was 5.25 mJ from level 2 to level 5. The average energy consumption per
each level of While loop was about 78.9mJ from level 0 to level 2, and the
average energy consumption was about 9.6 mJ from level 2 to level 5. The first
approach demonstrated that the STM32F303 RE executing the While loop
consumes about 62.41 mJ less per each level than executing the For loop
structure.
The second approach indicated an exponential increase from 7.39 nJ to 408.98
J when executing the For loop structure. The energy consumption increased
proportionally while executing the While loop structure. This implies an increase
of 0.362 mJ per each level for the While loop. The second approach also
demonstrated that the STM32F303RE consumes about 81.80 J less executing
the While loop structure than executing the For loop structure.
The second approach also demonstrated an increase in the execution time in
relation to the levels in the nesting fashion. The results demonstrated that the
nesting loop structures increase the energy consumption in the MCU. The
execution time to execute 40000 iterations in the While loop at 8 MHz increases
by 25 ms from level 0 to level 2 per each nesting levels and 35 ms from level 2
to level 5 per each nesting levels of the While loop and the execution time to
execute 40000 iterations in the For loop at 8 MHz increases by 10 times per
each nesting levels of the For loop.
Furthermore, it is observed that the nesting levels of a For loop structures
present a higher power consumption than the nesting level of While loop
structures. The methodology used to achieve this research was discussed and
the outcomes were addressed, including the work to be conducted in the future
as well.
embedded systems design. Most embedded systems devices operate with
limited power budget, or they are battery-powered devices. Software has a
notable influence on the global system energy consumption. The evaluation of
software energy consumption of application software is vital for lowering the
energy consumption to extend the life span of these embedded systems. Two
approaches were used. This thesis examined the effect of nesting loop
structures (For and While) in C language on energy consumption during the
computation of these structures on the STM32F303RE microcontroller (MCU).
In the first approach, the average energy consumption per each level of For
loop was about 109.2 mJ from level 0 to level 2, and then the increase per each
level was 5.25 mJ from level 2 to level 5. The average energy consumption per
each level of While loop was about 78.9mJ from level 0 to level 2, and the
average energy consumption was about 9.6 mJ from level 2 to level 5. The first
approach demonstrated that the STM32F303 RE executing the While loop
consumes about 62.41 mJ less per each level than executing the For loop
structure.
The second approach indicated an exponential increase from 7.39 nJ to 408.98
J when executing the For loop structure. The energy consumption increased
proportionally while executing the While loop structure. This implies an increase
of 0.362 mJ per each level for the While loop. The second approach also
demonstrated that the STM32F303RE consumes about 81.80 J less executing
the While loop structure than executing the For loop structure.
The second approach also demonstrated an increase in the execution time in
relation to the levels in the nesting fashion. The results demonstrated that the
nesting loop structures increase the energy consumption in the MCU. The
execution time to execute 40000 iterations in the While loop at 8 MHz increases
by 25 ms from level 0 to level 2 per each nesting levels and 35 ms from level 2
to level 5 per each nesting levels of the While loop and the execution time to
execute 40000 iterations in the For loop at 8 MHz increases by 10 times per
each nesting levels of the For loop.
Furthermore, it is observed that the nesting levels of a For loop structures
present a higher power consumption than the nesting level of While loop
structures. The methodology used to achieve this research was discussed and
the outcomes were addressed, including the work to be conducted in the future
as well.
Additional information
Thesis (MEng (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2022
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