Application of IEC 61850-90-5 standard-based predictive dynamic stability system

Abstract

With the rapid growth of intermittent renewable energy sources across all power grid networks and the fact that loads cannot be considered passive; there is a growing need to develop new methods and technologies for real-time monitoring and control of the power grid. Part of this is because power grids are becoming more complex. In many countries around the world, recent widespread blackouts have demonstrated the need for more reliable and precise tools for tracking, regulating, and protecting the power system. There are important biases in the prediction of the state of the power system, which is the key method used today to provide the real-time model of the system, arising mainly from the complexity and geographical delivery and separation of the electricity network. The decreased stability margin at which power systems work these days has forced the power industry to come up with new ideas to ensure the integrated power system operates continuously and efficiently. In this regard, it has become important to implement Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems in order to better manage the grid, to improve the efficiency of system usage, to ensure the security of supplies, and to make synchrophasor measurements more prominent, offering consistent real-time data. The development and deployment of the synchronized Phasor Measurement technology in many network locations has introduced a promising way to secure power networks from unwanted conditions. From time to time, a series of unpredictable and conflicting contingencies can lead to angular instability of the power system and even blackouts if not adequately handled by an out-of-step (OOS) protection system. The key contribution of this research work, to the theory of Out-of-Step protection, is the identification and isolating after a given disruption of many unstable swings. The method of out-of-step condition detection is based on system-wide generation sources supplying an Eskom transmission network in the Western Cape Province with the Western Grid with 765kV and 400kV voltage levels. The proposed defense scheme involves an optimally placed PMU for fast detection of system analogue quantities. Therefore, the research work aims to investigate the IEC 61850-90-5 standard for Predictive dynamic stability maintaining system using Phasor Management Units (PMU) for an out of step condition of synchronous generator at a Palmiet pump storage generating station of the Eskom West Grid test system. A framework to investigate the power system rotor angle stability during steady state and transient stability occurrence in DIgSILENT PowerFactory® software is first developed for non-real time simulation studies. A Lab-scale implementation to test an out-of-step algorithm when a severe fault occurs in a busbar fed by Pump storage generators in Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) will be carried out, software-based Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is incorporated to test and validate the IEC-61850-90-5 standard. The power system modelling and simulation are performed in the RSCAD-FX for the proposed multi-area power system network.