Universal design in academic dress : a practice-based study of differently abled persons in Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract

This research explored inclusive academic dress for differently abled persons with mobility impairments, within institutions of higher learning. The main research question sought to establish, how can Universal Design Principles (UDPs) be adopted to the design of inclusive academic dress for differently abled persons? Although previous work that addressed apparel for differently abled persons has been done by fashion designers in America and Europe, it failed to address inclusive academic dress, suitable for differently abled persons. The challenge of unsuitable academic dress for differently abled persons were addressed, working with mobility impaired participants. Universal Design is the theoretical framework of this study with the Universal Design Principles used to analyse the data collected. Practice-Based Research (PBR) is the methodology and User-Centred Design guided in the design process of this study. Individual semi-formal online interviews were conducted with differently abled participants who are mobility impaired graduands. The objective was to learn about their physical and emotional personal experience of wearing the conventional academic dress. Data collected gave insight on their needs, to ensure inclusivity in the inclusive design. Using the thematic analysis method, the data were analysed, thereafter an inclusive academic gown was developed. User testing of the inclusive design was done, and feedback given by participants, regarding the fit and feel of the inclusive design. It was discovered that, indeed, there is a need for inclusive academic gown for differently abled persons in wheelchairs. It was established that the full length inclusive academic gown is suitable for both abled bodied people and differently abled persons. In addition, it was established that because all disabilities are unique, body requirements differ for individuals. The needs of people whose unique body shape may not be catered for in the inclusive academic gown design, may be addressed individually by arranging for custom-made academic gown. A future study on custom-made academic gown for differently abled people may be necessary, in the interest of inclusivity. This may change perspective that “one design fits all”. The provision of suitable academic dress for differently abled person is a need that can be addressed by including an inclusive academic gown design in the assortment of academic dress.