Effective framework to reduce construction waste in South Africa

Abstract

Construction waste is a major environmental and financial problem that raises project costs and depletes resources in South Africa. The aim of this study is to develop a waste management framework to aid the reduction of construction waste in the South African Construction Industry (SACI). This study assesses the perceptions of contractors regarding construction waste management in construction sites, the key drivers for contractors’ waste management practices in construction sites, the difficulties contractors face in cutting down on construction waste, the different approaches they take to accomplish this goal. A quantitative approach was used in this study. The construction companies operating in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa were the focus of this investigation. The data of this study were analysed using descriptive, inferential, and non-parametric statistics, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 29. Furthermore, the reliability of the research survey instrument was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reliability while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to test the significant difference between the various cidb Grades 5–9 of contractors with reference to the cost concern to ascertain whether contractors had a consensus on their perceptions regarding construction waste management. According to the findings of the study on contractors' perceptions of construction waste management, there are still worries about high disposal costs and a concentration on short-term advantages even if successful solutions can result in large long-term financial savings. The investigation demonstrates how supervisors' ineffective communication, reluctance to adopt new methods, and uneven application of policies have a detrimental effect on management attitudes. Inadequate training also results in a lack of knowledge about waste management regulations, safety, and the possibility of recycling or reusing products. The significance of managing compliance concerns and the impact of project requirements on contractors' opinions are further emphasized via factor analysis. The results of the analysis of the main factors influencing contractors' waste management methods show that social, economic, and environmental factors interact intimately and were ordered according to each Relative Importance Index (RII). The necessity for sustainable practices that reduce environmental impact is highlighted by significant environmental factors such as recycling, waste reduction, water conservation, and resource efficiency. Cost-effective and regulated elements are the industry's focus, as seen by economic factors such recycling opportunities, material costs, and regulatory compliance costs. Best practices and community involvement are highlighted by social factors such as public awareness, industry standards compliance, and continuous education. The finding from the study reveals that a major obstacle to contractors cutting down on construction waste is the absence of waste reduction plans, which are crucial for directing recycling, appropriate disposal procedures, and waste minimization. The factors that contributed to these challenges were found to be seven in number: poor communication about waste reduction, restricted access to recycling facilities, inappropriate material reuse on-site, absence of a zero-waste culture, difficulties finding nearby recycling facilities, insufficient waste management equipment, and challenges tracking waste generated on-site. The study highlights that effective construction waste management in South Africa can be achieved through sustainable material selection, efficient procurement, proper handling, operational planning, and fostering a waste-conscious culture. Key strategies include adherence to regulations, training, collaboration with suppliers, and implementing 3R principles (reduce, reuse, recycle). Clear communication, scheduling, and strict policies further enhance waste reduction efforts. These practices collectively optimise resource use and minimise environmental impacts.