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Treatment of abattoir wastewater using a downflow expanded granular bed reactor coupled with a hybrid membrane bioreactor system
Author(s)
Gutu, Larryngeal
Date Issued
2021
Type
Thesis
Publisher
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge and anaerobic digestion
remain the most favorable when compared to processes such as chemical precipitation and ion
exchange due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, ease of operation, and low
maintenance. Since Abattoir Wastewater (AWW) is characterized as having high organic
content, anaerobic digestion is slow and inadequate for complete removal of all nutrients and
organic matter when required to produce a high-quality effluent that satisfies discharge
standards. Multi-integrated systems can be designed in which additional stages are added before
the anaerobic digester (pre-treatment), as well as after the digester (post-treatment) for nutrient
recovery and pathogen removal. This can aid the water treatment plant effluent to meet the
discharge regulations imposed by the legislator and allow the possibility for reuse on-site. This
study aims to provide information on the principles of anaerobic digestion, aeration pretreatment
technology using enzymes and a hybrid membrane bioreactor, describing their
various roles in AWW treatment. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are essential to
add after anaerobic digestion for nutrient recovery utilizing a single step process. Nutrient
recovery has become more favorable than nutrient removal in wastewater treatment because it
consumes less energy, making the process cost-effective. In addition, recovered nutrients can
be used to make nutrient-based fertilizers, reducing the effects of eutrophication and land
degradation. The downflow expanded granular bed reactor is also compared to other high-rate
anaerobic reactors, such as the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the expanded
granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB).
Another objective of this study was to evaluate the operating costs of treating abattoir
wastewater using combined biological processes. The processes were evaluated based on
removal efficiency and cost of treating wastewater/KL. The process with the most removal
efficiencies was the raw-AD-MBR and the effluent met the municipal discharge standards. A
potential for reuse onsite for irrigation can be explored if a UV system is added and an anaerobic
stage for phosphorus removal could be added before the MBR. The removal efficiencies for
FOGs, TSS, COD, ammonia and E.coli were >98%, 98%, >90%, 80-90%, >97% respectively.
The lab scale plant achieved that at a price of R801,40/KL.
remain the most favorable when compared to processes such as chemical precipitation and ion
exchange due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, ease of operation, and low
maintenance. Since Abattoir Wastewater (AWW) is characterized as having high organic
content, anaerobic digestion is slow and inadequate for complete removal of all nutrients and
organic matter when required to produce a high-quality effluent that satisfies discharge
standards. Multi-integrated systems can be designed in which additional stages are added before
the anaerobic digester (pre-treatment), as well as after the digester (post-treatment) for nutrient
recovery and pathogen removal. This can aid the water treatment plant effluent to meet the
discharge regulations imposed by the legislator and allow the possibility for reuse on-site. This
study aims to provide information on the principles of anaerobic digestion, aeration pretreatment
technology using enzymes and a hybrid membrane bioreactor, describing their
various roles in AWW treatment. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are essential to
add after anaerobic digestion for nutrient recovery utilizing a single step process. Nutrient
recovery has become more favorable than nutrient removal in wastewater treatment because it
consumes less energy, making the process cost-effective. In addition, recovered nutrients can
be used to make nutrient-based fertilizers, reducing the effects of eutrophication and land
degradation. The downflow expanded granular bed reactor is also compared to other high-rate
anaerobic reactors, such as the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the expanded
granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB).
Another objective of this study was to evaluate the operating costs of treating abattoir
wastewater using combined biological processes. The processes were evaluated based on
removal efficiency and cost of treating wastewater/KL. The process with the most removal
efficiencies was the raw-AD-MBR and the effluent met the municipal discharge standards. A
potential for reuse onsite for irrigation can be explored if a UV system is added and an anaerobic
stage for phosphorus removal could be added before the MBR. The removal efficiencies for
FOGs, TSS, COD, ammonia and E.coli were >98%, 98%, >90%, 80-90%, >97% respectively.
The lab scale plant achieved that at a price of R801,40/KL.
Additional information
Thesis (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2021
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